Occupational Therapy Essays (1540 words) - Computer Keyboards

Occupational Therapy We are a group of occupational therapists and a new client has come to our office with the following case history: Don is a 63 year-old amateur poet. He has several of his poems published in the local newspaper but has not yet been accepted by any literary journals. Three months ago, Don had a cerebellar cerebrovascular accident that has given him significant fine motor control limitations. He is not able to hold a pencil or a pen, and when one is taped in his hand, he can not produce recognizable printing. He is able to reach a range of nearly 5 feet from side to side but cannot pick up a 1-inch cube from the table. When asked to use a keyboard, he is as likely to strike two keys away from the target as the key he is aiming for. He is able to put his finger reliably into a square that is 2 inches on a side wherever it is located within his reach. He is not able to accurately place his finger into a square that is 1.5 inches on a side, however, unless it is located directly in front of him (Anson, 1997, p. 104). Don is frustrated by his condition and needs some assistance to continue his writing. We used the decision tree to evaluate which computer adaptation would be best for Don. We determined that Don has physical limitations to the computer but has full range of the keyboard. Due to his trouble targeting specific keys, it would be increasingly difficult to simultaneously press more than one key at once. The client has frequent accidental keystrokes because of the size of the small keys. His inability to strike a single key on demand led us to expanded range of motion. Having assessed that Don could strike larger keys accurately; we reached the alternative of expanded keyboards. Upon researching expanded keyboards, we found a great variety in what each keyboard offered. The 32 key layout with 2.5- inch keys did not provide an adequate selection for Don's writing needs. Most of the standard expanded keyboards with 128 keys only have 1.5-inch keys. Some examples are Key Largo and Unicorn Expanded keyboards. Key Largo is an expanded keyboard, which works through Discover KENX. It is useful for one with coordination problems. Unicorn Expanded keyboard established the standard 128 key expanded keyboard design. We had the opportunity (in A.T. lab) to try and compare the different expanded keyboards. We appreciated that a client with difficulty reaching small keys would find these keyboards more beneficial. All keyboards require an encoder, which interprets the key. When pressed it converts it to a keyboard code, that the computer could understand. Some computers come with a built in encoder and some without. These keyboards with encoders can be connected directly to the keyboard port of the computer. Therefore no internal adaptation is needed for the computer and it doesn't interfere with any software in the computer. This is beneficial because it can be used with any operating system and software the client may need. A disadvantage to this is that the keyboard codes are not readily adaptable. This means that the keyboard layout is fixed and can't be changed by the clinician. Another consideration is that this keyboard can not be connected simultaneously with the standard keyboard. Since plugging and unplugging the keyboard is not recommended, this option is better suited for a client who would be the sole user of the computer. Expanded keyboards that do not have the built in encoder, require an external device that would interpret the codes to the computer. Although this keyboard has the disadvantage of an external device, it offers flexibility in the keyboard layout and allows for various overlays that change the layout. An example of the latter is the Key Largo keyboard mentioned above. The problem with 1.5-inch keys is the client's inability to accurately reach a key of that size unless the keyboard is positioned right in front of him. An option would be to position the client in front of the computer with the keyboard mounted close enough for him to access. Although this alternative was a possibility we preferred to find a keyboard with 2- inch keys. After researching this alternative on the internet, we found a product that matched Don's needs more efficiently. The name of the product is Expanded Keyboard for Apple II+ and IIE. This keyboard operates as a standard keyboard with the choice of 1.5 or 2-inch keys. With continued research,

naive american bloodline essays

naive american bloodline essays In my family, keeping the Native American blood line strong has always been somewhat important, especially to my grandfather. He is a hundred percent Cherokee Indian and he looks just like the guy on the back of the buffalo nickel. He hoped for me to carry on the Native American blood line. I had dated several girls in my life and none of them were Native American and it was not for a lack of trying, there just are not many Native American girls in the state of Florida or in any other state for that matter. My brother and sister gave up on the idea years ago and married outside of the blood line. They claimed it was too difficult to do, so it was up to me to find a true Indian girl, to fall in love with and hopefully make my grandfather proud of me. To begin with, I had to do a lot of preliminary dating to find just the right woman. First of all, I searched all over the place. I went to a Pow Wow with my grandfather at the fair grounds in Orlando and that only depressed me even more. All it turned out to be was a glorified tourist trap and a shell of how the Native American people have been forced to be remembered. I tried searching for peoples last names on the web and phone book that sounded Native American. I also went to the library and looked for genealogy records on microfilm for Native Americans in my local area and still no luck. I began to think that maybe my brother and sister were not wrong for giving up. I, too was about too give-up the search. In addition to being Indian, I had decided that love was a very important deciding factor in selecting my soul mate. If I stopped pressuring myself, then maybe I would be able to find love. One sunny day in June of 1995, I was working on the monorail and I spotted this stunningly gorgeous girl. She had the most beautiful long and curly black hair. I felt that I must meet her. So, when my monorail entered the station, I got off of the train and approached her. I told he ...

Using Ruby Environmental Variables

Using Ruby Environmental Variables Environment variables are variables passed to programs by the command line or the graphical shell. When an environment variable is referred to, its value (whatever the variable is defined as) is then referenced. Though there are a number of environment variables that only affect the command line or graphical shell itself (such as PATH or HOME), there are also several that directly affect how Ruby scripts execute. Tip:  Ruby environment variables are similar to ones found in the Windows OS. For example, Windows users may be familiar with a TMP  user variable to define the location of the temporary folder the for the currently logged in user. Accessing Environment Variables from Ruby Ruby has direct access to environment variables via the ENV hash. Environment variables can be directly read or written to by using the index operator with a string argument. Note that writing to environment variables will only have an effect on child processes of the Ruby script. Other invocations of the script will not see the changes in environment variables. #!/usr/bin/env ruby# Print some variablesputs ENV[PATH]puts ENV[EDITOR]# Change a variable then launch a new programENV[EDITOR] geditcheat environment_variables add Passing Environment Variables to Ruby To pass environment variables to Ruby, simply set that environment variable in the shell. This varies slightly between operating systems, but the concepts remain the same. To set an environment variable on the Windows command prompt, use the set command. set TESTvalue To set an environment variable on Linux  or OS X, use the export command. Though  environment variables are a normal part of the Bash shell, only variables that have been exported will be available in programs launched by the Bash shell. $ export TESTvalue Alternatively, if the environment variable will only be used by the program about to be run, you can define any environment variables before the name of the command. The environment variable will be passed onto the program as its run, but not saved. Any further invocations of the program will not have this environment variable set. $ EDITORgedit cheat environment_variables add Environment Variables Used by Ruby There are a number of environment variables that affect how the Ruby interpreter acts. RUBYOPT - Any command-line switches here will be added to any switches specified on the command line.RUBYPATH - When used with the -S switch on the command line, the paths listed in RUBYPATH will be added to the paths searched when looking for Ruby scripts. The paths in RUBYPATH precede the paths listed in PATH.RUBYLIB - The list of paths here will be added to the list of paths Ruby uses to search for libraries included in the program with the require method. The paths in RUBYLIB will be searched before other directories.

Hyperbola Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Hyperbola - Research Paper Example Different conics have different ranges of eccentricity. Hence a type of conic is identified by the value of eccentricity and if the value of eccentricity is greater than one then the conic is named as hyperbola. Hyperbola is logically very close to that of ellipse in all its mathematical features. The basic and fundamental difference between the ellipse and a hyperbola is enumerated by the difference in the eccentricity value since ellipse eccentric value is greater than zero but less than 1. Actually this difference can be understood in 2D as for ellipse the sum of distances from foci and a point on that of ellipse is fixed. Whereas in hyperbola it is the difference in the distances from foci and a point on hyperbola is fixed. The diagram of a hyperbola reveals the fact that a hyperbola is actually composed of two parts which are disjoined with each other and two parts are positioned on equal distances with each other. As the value of the eccentricity of hyperbola come closer to 1 t he edges of the cups of the hyperbola are lessened with each other coming closer on the other hand if the value of eccentricity increases the edges of the cup widens and the two ends of cup go more far with each other. 1. Mathematical And Geometric Features In Hyperbola Hyperbola has many geometric and mathematical features as that of ellipse. ... There is another axis at the centre of hyperbola which is perpendicular to that of traverse axis and is called as conjugate axis. The conjugate axis is just like a minor axis as in the case of ellipse. Likewise the transverse axis in a hyperbola is just like a major axis in the ellipse. The centre is a point across which all geometric features are located. This centre point is the intersection of the two axes i.e. the traverse axis and the conjugate axis. The centre point can be located at origin as well as it can be replaced to some point like (h, k), in such case of replacement of centre point the equations and calculations are made accordingly and become bit difficult to solve. The traverse axis is normally parallel to X axis (horizontal) or exactly placed on it, but in other cases the traverse axis can be shifted to Y axis (vertical) for this reason a new hyperbolic curvature is obtained. When the transverse axis is placed on X axis the conjugate axis will be placed on Y axis. Bu t when traverse axis is placed on Y axis the conjugate axis will be shifted to X axis. When traverse axis is placed on or parallel to X axis (horizontal), the ‘x’ component in standard equation of hyperbola is taken as positive. If the transverse axis is placed on or parallel to Y axis (vertical), the ‘y’ component in standard equation of hyperbola is taken as positive while the other ‘x’ component is taken as negative. 2. Hyperbolic Classification There are different types of hyperbola categorized on the basis of their orientation and characteristics. Hyperbolae centre can be placed on origin and as well as any where except origin. Hyperbole transverse axis can be parallel to X axis (horizontal axis), can be made parallel

Language and Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Language and Culture - Essay Example Language can affect the  culture  of a society, especially when the  society  borrows, and then modifies  alien  words from other cultures to  fit  in their own. As such this changes the  culture  making it evolve with time. Language use within a text refers to the combination of various forms of the  linguistic  and  grammatical  technique used within the context with the aim of communicating a message to another party. Its uses can  be  in many different ways and purposes; it  is spoken, written, and referred, from visual representations. Language  is used  to  work, play, praise, insult, court and reduce among other reasons. Throughout the use of language,  various  techniques  are applied  to  simplify  its meanings also to  create  interest  and  humor  such as through the use of rhyme and repetition to create a  musical  effect. The use of  language  can be categorized into much broader uses categories which are the  evocative, the expressive, the performative, the evaluative and the informative. This is for  clear  communication of information and there the use of  various  linguistic techniques. ... For instance, throughout the website the  writer  uses terms such as â€Å"you are not alone† in the start of a  sentence  when describing the  occurrence, effects and handling of peer pressure. This is an already constructed  phrase, and it passes information relating with most people within the society; thus, effectively and  immediately  passing the information to the readers. It also reduces the necessity of  grammatical  correction and the  application  of  further  grammatical  techniques within this part of the text. Within the various passage texts in the website, there are  various  words used that are of other and similar linguistic  background.  These are words obtained from other languages, or are a combination of two or more different ancient  language  words that sum up to the meaning of the intended, in the English context.  Words used such as microscope derived from the Greek words "mikros" referring to  puny  and "skopein" referring to look or  see, the two combined in English forms the word microscope meaning an  instrument  used in the viewing and investigations of objects that minute, and cannot be seen by the naked eye. Semantics The  linguistic  statement  semantics developed from the Greek word semantic, and it refers to the study of meaning focusing on the relation between the use of signifiers such as phrases, words, signs and what they  denote  in the text, in linguistics. It tries to  denote  meaning through the understanding of  different  human expressions through language.  This includes the use puns and conations, among others, in an English language  context  to  magnify  the expressed  message  and to ensure the readers' undivided attention.  It also acts as a  way  of reducing monotony, thus,

Residency in Australia Residency Laws

Residency in Australia Residency Laws Clemens and commissioner of taxation [2015] AATA 124 (6 March 2015) 1. Issue and decision consider in chosen case: Introduction: The whole case is about backpackers who were foreign nationals each of whom stayed in Australia for more than 183 days in the tax year to 30 June 2013. Maximillian Clemens (the applicant) from Germany, who entered Australia in 3 October 2012 under working holiday visa with Subclass 417. He described himself as a visitor or temporary resident and he was not willing to stay in Australia permanently (austlii.edu.au, 2017). Maximillian Clemens was lived with his parents for about two weeks before moving to the campus of Universitat Koblenz-Landau. After that Mr. Clemens transferred to Johannes Gutenberg Universitat Mainz where he lives, probably, in rental property. Maximillian Clemens dont have any assets in Australia, he stayed in 14 different hostel for some 45 days (from 3 October 2012 to 17 November 2012), which was locating at nearest area of New South Wales and Queensland, after that for period of 92 days applicant shared a bedroom with his friends (7 people) in Sydney (from 18 No vember 2012 to 18 February 2013), during that type of period the applicant worked in casual factory hand for Warringah Plastics Pty Ltd. From 19 February 2013 to 5 April 2013 the applicant was again lived in 12 different hostels which was located through out Australia, and on 6 April 2013 he arrived in Fiji for 8 days for island hopping trip. The applicant again entered in Australia on 14 April 2013. On 2 April 2013, an assessment form was stopped in the interest of the Applicant. On 22 July 2013, the Commissioner exhorted that he had finished a survey of the government form and presumed that the Applicant was not an occupant of Australia for the year finished 30 June 2013. On 26 July 2013 the Commissioner issued a Notice of Assessment evaluating the Applicant on his pay as a non-occupant. On 15 October 2013, Backpackers Buddy in the interest of the Applicant questioned the Notice of Assessment in light of the fact that he was an occupant of Australia for the year finished 30 June 2 013. On 14 February 2014, the Commissioner refused the protest. The Applicant now looks for an audit of that choice. The issues are: 1. The broad issue involved in this process is whether the applicant was a resident of Australia in the year ended 30 June 2013. 2. To get the permanent residency in Australia Clemens has to pass the following test: a. The ordinary concept test: The ordinary concept is the concept when person wants to stay permanently in Australia without any aim. In this whole case Mr. Clemens declared himself as a tourist and he wants journey in Australia on a working holiday visa, he had no any plan to reside Australia permanently. b. The Domicile test: The Domicile test is the test, when the persons parents are permanent resident of Australia and person have his own house where person can live their safely. Mr. Clemens has no any asset in Australia and his parents basically from Germany, so Mr. Clemens can not pass this test for permanent residency. c. The 183 day test: The 183 day test is the test when the person is permanent resident of Australia, when person reside in Australia for 183 days, in this case person reside in Australia for 186 days, therefore he declared himself as a resident of Australia as per 183 day test. d. The superannuation fund: The person is a member of certain superannuation fund. Maximillian Clemens was not a part of any kind of superannuation in Australia. Thats why he can not clear the superannuation test. So, in conclusion person will be a resident, if he or she permanently lived in Australia or have been in country more than half of the financial year, however person dont have any intention to live in Australia permanently. Clemens was a visitor, but he reside Australia more than 183 days. 2. The reasons for support the needs for proposed changes to the residency rules: The fundamental contrast in expense status is that non-inhabitants are not qualified for the tax-exempt edge, so salary is exhausted ideal from the principal dollar. For the 2012-13 year, there is no incremental assessment rate up to $80,000 wage yet a straight-up rate of 32.5%, albeit from that point the rates break even with Australian inhabitant rates. (Assess rates for 2011-12 were 29% up to $37,000, 30% to $80,000, from that point equivalent to occupant rates.) (Alan Lewis 2012). 3. Identify the relevant case with the topic: One of the case which is related to Clemens case is: 11 March 1515 Backpacker not resident of Australia under 183 day test Re Koustrup One of the person Danish origin who has spent total 287 days in Australia, when he came in this country during the financial year of 30 June 2013, which has been founded by Administrative appeals tribunal that he is not a resident of Australia during that financial year. This was one of three comparable cases heard together by the Tribunal. Since the reality designs in the three cases varied tangibly, the Tribunal gave isolate choices. The material standards and the choices for every situation were, be that as it may, the same. The choices were Re Koustrup, Re Jaczenko and Re Clemens. In every case, it was a commissioner, who battled that the applicant is not permanent resident of Australia. This was a result of the tax-exempt limit that applies to an inhabitant of Australia however which does not make a difference on account of an outside occupant. The presence of the tax-exempt edge with regards to an inhabitant offers ascend to a zero rate of expense applying to the main $18,200 of assessable wage. This is to be stood out from a rate of 32.5% which applies to the principal $18,200 of assessable wage, if the citizen is dealt with as an outside inhabitant. In Re Koustrup, the candidate entered Australia under a working occasion visa. She depicted herself as a guest or impermanent participant coming to Australia for the primary reason of having an occasion. She additionally assigned that her planned length of remain in Australia would be eight months. The candidate had no arrangements to live in Australia; she was a guest. While in Australia, the candidate stayed and worked for brief periods in different parts of Australia. After an aggregate remain of 287 days she came back to Denmark. 4. The facts and decision in chosen case: The facts and decisions in Clemens case are; the applicant or Clemens was a resident of Germany and he came to Australia on working holiday visa, he doesnt want to live in Australia permanently and he declared himself as a non resident of Australia. The decision in these case is relating to the question that, whether applicant is a resident of Australia or not: 1. Clemens intentions was not to live in Australia permanently. He just want to raise the fund for traveling through agriculture area. Subsequently, the expectation of the holidaymaker is a main consideration to get an assessable treatment as inhabitant in Australia. 2. The typical place of home (is a piece of the 183 day test) alludes to where the individual ordinarily or usually stays. 3. It is conceivable to have no typical place of house all. This would emerge in conditions where a man is moving about with no settled address which the individual would hold as his or her typical place of staying. This sort of individual is uncommon and has been alluded to as a supposed feathered creature of entry. 4. It is impractical to have at least two common spots of house a similar time. Where there are two contending spots of dwelling place should be evaluated, in view of all the accessible truths, as to which one seems to be regular. 5. It is, be that as it may, feasible for there to be two distinctive regular spots of habitation diverse circumstances. In this way, a man can have a typical place of home one area for a large portion of the assessment year and as a result of changed conditions that same individual can have an alternate common place of home the other portion of the year. 6. The holidaymakers are not part of superannuation fund, so they are not able to claim for superannuation fund. 7. While the Parliamentary goals are not generally important, it is significant that the different capabilities to the 183 day lead were sanctioned by Parliament all together that there might be no risk of regarding as inhabitants people who are absolutely guests: Illustrative Notes on Amendments contained in the Income Tax Assessment Bill 1930 to change the Income Tax Assessment Act 1922-29, page 11. Thus, foreigners or visitors on holidays or working in Australia who are more than 183 days in Australia, would not be permanent residents during their stay under this test, as their intention to stay in their home country and would not have an intention to stay in Australia permanently. PART B 1. Purpose of the bill: The four Bills in this bundle execute the Governments declaration on 27 September 2016 that working occasion creators (WHMs) would be saddled at a rate of 19 for each penny for money from this work up to $37,000, with common duty rates and limits applying from there on. Other components of the reported bundle incorporate expanding the expense on the Departing Australia Superannuation Payment to 95 for each penny, expanding the traveler development charge (PMC) by five dollars and decreasing the application charge for WHM visas by $50. Elements of the reported bundle that are excluded in the Bills and should be actualized through different changes are $10 million financing for Tourism Australia for an adolescent focused on promoting effort, changing visa conditions so that a business with premises in various locales can utilize a WHM for 12 months, with the WHM working up to six months in every area, and changing visa conditions so that the qualification age for a WHM visa is lifted from age 30 to age 35. The primary motivation behind the Working Holiday Makers Reform Bill 2016 is to build the agribusiness and tourism business in Australia (Koehler, 2013). This change helps the working holidaymakers to pay whats coming to them of expense. This change builds the income and the obtaining force of the Working Holiday Makers. The administration disentangle the control for the duty and streamline the visa direction by lessen the visa charges by 50$.This additionally increment the quantity of working holidaymakers every year. The primary motivation behind the changes is as per the following: 1. The Turnbull government needs to expand the quantity of Holidaymaker through the change in the bill. That expands the duty income of the administration from the holidaymakers (Malmberg and Miller, 2013). 2. The working holidaymakers are an extraordinary hotspot for the supply of the works in the horticulture part. The horticulture division produces 90% nourishment that expend in Australia. The farming part is an incredible donor towards the GDP of Australia. In this way, the need in supply of work amid the gathering season can diminish the efficiency in the farming area (Traversa, 2014). 3. The holidaymakers assist tourism industry with growing speedier. It is an incredible wellspring of their income. It likewise expands the income of the lodgings, inns, and eateries (Tricker, 2015). The holidaymakers are likewise work in the eateries and inns as a server or a room benefit at a low work charge than neighborhood residents. It helps the proprietor to expand their benefits. 4. The administration needs to record data about the working holidaymakers and their bosses. They take the data about their pay, work charge, motivating forces and so on. Along these lines, it is feasible for the legislature to decrease the misuse of the working holidaymakers. 2. WHMR bill 2016, in the context of Clemens and Commissioner of taxation As indicated by the WHMR charge 2016, Clemens is alien in Australia with the end goal of salary charge. The duty treatment for her ought to continue as per the accompanying tenets. While, Clemens gains under 37000 the duty rate will be 19%. While, Clemens profit surpasses $37000 yet under $80000 than the duty rate will be 32.5%. Once more, if the profit of Clemens surpass $80000 yet under $180000 the duty rate will be 37%. While the profit of Clemens more noteworthy than $180000 the duty rate will be 45%. As Clemens is not an occupant in Australia, in this manner the assessable salary of Clemens ought to regard as an outside occupant. The Clemens is not qualified for the home exception in the expense treatment (Dowling 2014). Accept that Clemens win $200000 in a budgetary year. Taxable income Tax rate Less than $80000 32.5 per cent Exceeds $80000 but does not over $180000 37 per cent Over $180000 45 per cent References: 1.http://www.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/sinodisp/au/cases/cth/AATA/2015/124.htmlstem=0synonyms=0query=clemens 2. Alan Lewis Accountant, August 29 2012 http://www.lewistaxation.com.au/tax/general-tax/resident-for-tax-purposes 3. The tax Institute http://www.taxinstitute.com.au/news/backpacker-not-resident-of-australia-under-183-day-test-re-koustrup 4. http://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Bills_Legislation/bd/bd1617a/17bd030 5. http://www.mytaxresidency.com/australia/residency-test-2-the-domicile-test 6. Dowling, G. R. (2014). The curious case of corporate tax avoidance: Is it socially irresponsible?. Journal of Business Ethics, 124(1), 173-184 7. Koehler, M. (2013). An Examination of Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Issues. Richmond Journal  of Global Law Business, 12, 3. 8. Malmberg, C., Miller, A. B. (2013). Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Am. Crim. L. Rev., 50, 1077

Role of Education

Undoubtedly, education plays a significant role in every aspect of people's lives. In other words, all through history, education and psychology have powerful methods for learning pieces of information. Also, these two efficient ways are vital for those who are eager to improve their behavior and knowledge. As a matter of fact, learning has been defined in several methods by a number of different theories. Theories of learning can help instructors to decide and select the suitable ways for their educational structure. Many scholars have commented on how behaviorism, cognitivism, and constructivism have influenced the research in the field of educational technology. Behaviorism is a psychological approach which describes all behavior in terms of learning. This theory focuses on behavior. In addition, in this approach, cognition like thoughts is totally ignored. Also, it is a theory of animal and human learning that only focuses on objectively observable behaviors and discounts mental activities. Without a doubt, this approach has a numerous ascendency, such as providing a number of practical applications and techniques to shape conduct. As far as I concerned, giving a prize to those whose behavior is appropriate is the best deed, and also it can cause others especially children to shape and enhance not only their behavior, but also their activities. However, besides all these positive features, it has some disadvantages, but two of which are more significant. For instance, based on this theory, learning can be defined as â€Å"the relatively permanent change in behavior brought about as a result of experience or practice.† Obviously, this approach has had a long lasting impact on language teaching, but it has some negative points. To illustrate, people can change their conduct when they are either exposure to new environment or get new information, even if they have previously established a different behavior through reinforcement. In addition, behaviorists claim, â€Å"Human has passive learners.†, but, psychologists are appose to this assertion. They believe human are active agnates, and they are able to think and determine. In my opinion, this theory is really useful and practical in elementary schools, because children in this grade cannot distinguish between right and wrong, so they need a person who monitor them. In other words, they need a leadership. On the other hand, behaviorism is not essential for higher grades, because these kind of people are active, and they already have learned and known what the best method is. Cognitivism, like behaviorism, emphasizes the role that environmental conditions play in facilitating learning. Cognitive psychologies tend to think of the brain as an active participating component in the learning process. . This theory focused on the inner mental activities of human beings to understand how people learn. In fact, behaviorists saw humans as programmed animals, but cognitivists viewed them as rational beings. The best feature in this theory is that cognitivism assists people who really wants to shape their behavior and tries to develop their conduct for the better. Due to the fact that, this approach focuses on brain's function, it is really beneficial and helpful. On the other hand, cognitive approach denies other factor which influences behavior, such as, genes and individual experiences. Owning to assuming all human conduct are equal, it is the biggest weakness that this theory has. I think that, this theory can be more practical than behaviorism. Due to the fact that, it is able to combine to other approaches can be effective and helpful method in all schools especially Iranian students. Also, because it does not focuses on just one thing and analyze human in other perspective, Iranian student are more successful when educational system applies this approach in schools. Therefore, according to all things that it was mentioned-above, cognitivism has abundant positive results in Iranian educational system. Constructivism considers the learning to be an active. Even though constructivism is considered to be a branch of cognitivism (both conceive of learning as a mental activity), it distinguishes itself from traditional cognitive theories in a number of ways. One of the superb factors in this approach can be pointed out is that students are active, and all of them participate in every activities, such as discussion and practicing. It is believed that group working is one the best effective ways to progress in every field. Also, this action is tough provoking, and it is kind of a challenge for students to try hard to achieve their goals. However, this way is only suitable for those who are genius, and they can analyze their problems individually. In other words, it can be practical for people who can deal with every problem without any assistance, so they are really successful with this approach. Furthermore, this method is not handy for students or other people whose knowledge are lees, and they are not in favor of group activities. Hence, they might fail at their courses or they may just imitate what others do, so they do not learn anything. In this case, constructivism has negative results. Consequently, constructive approach depends on people's characteristic. In my point of view, this approach is the best theory in contrast with other theories. Although it has some negative points, advantages outweigh disadvantages. However, constructivist approach is not appropriate for Iranian educational system. Unfortunately, Iranian are intrapersonal, and they prefer to do their activities individually. On the other hand, Iranian student are in favor of teacher-centered. Owning to focusing student-center in this way, our society disagrees with it. In addition, due to lack of capacity of some of Iranian student, this theory is not successful in our education. In short, it is not deniable that these three approaches are beneficial and try to help students improve their education and behavior. Obviously, each of these theories works for each student, and they have different ways and attitudes to how these theories accelerate learning. As it was above mentioned, all these three schools of thought has their own strengths and weaknesses, but I think constructivism is like a new invention in education. As far as I concerned, if I were a teacher, I would definitely choose the constructivism theory because it is crucial that students be more active in their lesson and become independent. Also, this way causes increase students' motivation to study well.